Friday, January 24, 2020
Comparing Mary Shelleyââ¬â¢s Frankenstein and Kenneth Branaghs Frankenstei
Comparing Mary Shelleyââ¬â¢s Frankenstein and Kenneth Branagh's Frankenstein Most Americans have some idea of who Frankenstein is, as a result of the many Frankenstein movies. Contrary to popular belief Mary Shelleyââ¬â¢s Frankenstein is a scientist, not a monster. The "monster" is not the inarticulate, rage-driven criminal depicted in the 1994 film version of the novel. Shelleyââ¬â¢s original Frankenstein was misrepresented by this Kenneth branagh film, most likely to send a different message to the movie audience than Shelleyââ¬â¢s novel shows to its readers. The conflicting messages of technologies deserve being dependent on its creator (address by Shelley) and poetic justice, or triumph over evil (showed by the movie) is best represented by the scene immediately preceding Frankensteinââ¬â¢s monsterââ¬â¢s death. In Shelleyââ¬â¢s novel, the final picture of Frankensteinââ¬â¢s monster reveals important qualities of his inner nature; he is shown in the last moments of his life to be felling, fully conscious of his guilt, and firm in his decision to end his life. This is the conclusion of a long series of events providing insight into how the monster changed as a result of his creatorââ¬â¢s actions and the actions of the people with whom he came in contact. Up until this final point, he has changed from being good and hopeful to being caught up in the desire for a companion, to being evil and only focused on revenge. All these changes are recounted by the monster himself in this scene. (Blackwood's Edinburgh Magazine) He was at one point motivated by many good things like as virtue and honor, so much so that he wanted a companion to share in his happy life. ââ¬Å"When I first sought it [sympathy], it was the love of virtue, the feelings of happiness and affec... ...iro portrayal of Frankensteinââ¬â¢s monster has created a false myth of an evil, unintelligent monster that is not at all similar to the one Shelley displays in her novel. Not only does the movie spread a false interpretation of Shelleyââ¬â¢s work, it provides the public with no lasting message about technology or about the effects of misplaced human love. Shall we then seek revenge? Shall we destroy that what is evil? Of course not--Shelley gave us all to learn a lesson of tolerance and of correcting our mistakes. Perhaps if a more accurate film version of Frankenstein were available to the public, more people would be motivated to read the book and learn Shelleyââ¬â¢s powerful message. Work cited Movies review of Frankenstein www.movietome.com movie review of Frankenstein www.literature.org/authors/shelley-mary/frankenstein The marry shelly novel (Frankenstein)
Wednesday, January 15, 2020
A Biography of Indian Yellow Essay
Indian Yellow is a raw pigment which, as the name suggests, originated in India in the 17th century and was used until the early 20th century. Its source remained a mystery for many years. In 1786 the amateur painter, Roger Dewhurst recorded in letters to friends, that Indian yellow was an organic substance made from the urine of animals fed on turmeric (Myers, pg 1). Around this time, the English chemist George Field claimed it was made from camel urine. In 1839, J.F.L. Merimee, denied its association with urine in spite of its odor, citing its origin was a shrub called ââ¬Ëmemecylon tinctoriumââ¬â¢ in his book ââ¬ËThe Art of Painting in Oil and Frescoââ¬â¢, In 1886 the Journal of the Society of Arts in London began a systematic inquiry of the pigment, revealing that Indian yellow was manufactured in rural India (in particular in Monghyr, a city in Bengal) from the urine of cattle fed only on mango leaves and water (Finlay, pg 216-217). The collected urine was heated in order to precipitate the yellow matter, then strained, pressed into lumps by hand and dried, producing foul-smelling hard yellow balls of raw pigment, called ââ¬Ëpurreeââ¬â¢ (Mukharji, pg 16-17). European importers would then wash and purify the balls, separating greenish and yellow phases. It is the mango not the urine thatââ¬â¢s crucial to the color. The colorant is a magnesium salt of an organic acid released by the mango. Chemically it is magnesium euxanthate, the magnesium salt of euxanthic acid. See more: My Writing Process Essay Naturally, the cows that were exploited by this process were extremely undernourished. In part because mango leaves did not supply the cattle with sufficient nutrients along with the fact that these leaves contain the toxin urushiol, also found in poison ivy. In 1908, British law (which applied to colonized India) prohibited the production of Indian yellow, citing the torture of sacred animals. The pigment is believed to have first been used in Europe by Dutch artists in the 17th century (the Dutch having extensive trading links with India by then) and by the end of the 18th century across Europe in watercolor and oil painting. For the first years of its introduction in the European market, this pigment was simply named after its country of origin, ââ¬ËPurà ©e of Indiaââ¬â¢(Finlay, pg 209-211). This was further simplified to ââ¬Ëjaune indienââ¬â¢ (French), ââ¬Ëgiallo indianoââ¬â¢ (Italian), ââ¬ËIndischgelbââ¬â¢ (German) or ââ¬ËIndian Yellowââ¬â¢ when tr anslated into other languages (Myers, pg 1). Deep, clear and luminescent, it was favored for its great body and depth of tone. It had a peculiar characteristic in its watercolor form of fading in artificial light and in the dark but being fairly stable in direct sunlight. In its oil form, it requires one hundred percent for grinding, dries slowly, and the addition of varnish improves its drying, in fact its lightfastness is also improved when it is isolated between layers of varnish. Dutch and Flemish painters of the 17th and 18th centuries favored it for its translucent qualities often using it to represent sunlight. Beautiful as the color is, the pigment was said to be foul-smelling in its raw form. In the novel ââ¬ËGirl With the Pearl Earringââ¬â¢ Vermeerââ¬â¢s patron remarks that Vermeer used ââ¬Å"cow pissâ⬠to paint his wife, the pigment referred to was Indian Yellow. By the early twentieth century the pigment was no longer available, although its modern substitutes are still sold under the name ââ¬Å"Indian yellowâ⬠. Bibliography 1. Baer, N.S., ââ¬Å"Indian Yellowâ⬠in ââ¬Å"Artistsââ¬â¢ Pigments, a Handbook of Their History and Characteristicsâ⬠, Volume 1, R.L. Feller, Editor, Oxford University Press, New York (1986) 2. Finlay, Victoria, ââ¬Å"Color: A NAtural History of the Paletteâ⬠(2003 edition), Random House 3. Merimee, M.J.F.L., ââ¬Å"The Art of Painting in Oil and Frescoâ⬠(2009 edition), Kessinger Publishing 4. Mukharji, T.N., ââ¬Å"Piuri or Indian Yellowâ⬠, Journal of the Society of Arts (1883-84) 5. Myers, David, ââ¬Å"Indian Yellowâ⬠, The Art Blog of David Myers (February 1, 2011) http://toxicgraphix.blogspot.com/2011/02/indian-yellow.html 6. ââ¬Å"Indian Yellowâ⬠, Pigments Through the Ages, webexhibits.org http://www.webexhibits.org/pigments/indiv/history/indianyellow.html
Tuesday, January 7, 2020
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